Long-range LoRaWAN sensor networks have become a compelling solution for deploying massive wireless Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Leveraging the unique characteristics of the LoRaWAN protocol, these networks enable reliable long-range communication over extended distances, making them ideal for monitoring assets and environmental condition

Digital twins are revolutionizing the way we design smart buildings by providing a virtual representation of physical assets. These dynamic models enable building owners and operators to track real-time performance, discover potential issues, and improve building sustainability. By leveraging the power of digital twins, smart buildings can achieve